Quantum Dots in Biomedical Imaging and Drug Delivery

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals with unique optical properties, making them invaluable tools in biomedical imaging and drug delivery applications. Their size-tunable fluorescence, high photostability, and surface modifiability enable precise cellular imaging and targeted therapy. This review explores the synthesis methods, functionalization strategies, and biomedical applications of QDs, focusing on their role in in vitro and in vivo imaging, drug delivery systems, and theranostics. Challenges such as toxicity, biocompatibility, and regulatory hurdles are discussed, along with strategies to mitigate these issues. The potential of QDs in personalized medicine and their future prospects in clinical settings are also highlighted.