Enhancing Network Security: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Threats and Countermeasures

Abstract

This paper conducts a thorough review contemporary network security threats and the corresponding countermeasures aimed at fortifying digital infrastructures. In today's interconnected world, networks appearance a plethora of sophisticated threats ranging from adware and phishing attacks to more advanced persistent threats (APTs) and ransomware. The evolving landscape necessitates proactive defense strategies encompassing robust encryption protocols, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven anomaly detection mechanisms. Additionally, the integration of zero-trust architectures and stringent access controls emerges as pivotal strategies to mitigate insider threats and unauthorized access. This review synthesizes current research and practical implementations to offer a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and solutions in network security, contributing to the ongoing discussion on safeguarding critical digital assets in an increasingly volatile cyber environment.